Garlic?

Why it’s unsafe

Garlic is in the same plant family as onions, leeks and chives. Pet Poison Helpline explains that when these plants are eaten in large or chronic amounts, they cause Heinz body formation in red blood cells and anemia. The anemia then causes the main clinical signs.

The Merck Veterinary Manual states that garlic is 3 to 5 times more toxic than onion, and the AKC says it is about five times more toxic, so ounce for ounce it poses a larger risk. Merck notes that cats are the most susceptible species, followed by dogs. Pet Poison Helpline says the small amount of garlic sometimes found in dog treats is unlikely to be harmful, but there is no benefit worth the risk of deliberate feeding.

Powders, supplements and pills are especially concentrated. Pet Poison Helpline warns that large numbers of garlic pills or powder may cause poisoning, and the AKC notes that even a small sprinkle of garlic powder could cause trouble for a small dog. Garlic is also common in sauces, seasoned meats, garlic bread and marinades.

The AKC advises against garlic as a flea remedy, since there is no solid scientific evidence that it repels or kills fleas.

What to give instead

Do not feed garlic or garlic-seasoned food, and do not add garlic supplements to your dog's meals. Check ingredient labels on sauces, broths, baby food and treats for garlic or garlic powder.

For flavor, stick with plain cooked meat or dog-formulated toppers, and keep treats to no more than 10% of daily calories.

If your dog already ate it

If your dog ate garlic, note the form (fresh, cooked, powder, pills), amount and timing, plus your dog's weight. Call your vet, an emergency clinic, or ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888) 426-4435 / Pet Poison Helpline (855) 764-7661 (US; fees may apply). Outside the US, call your local emergency vet.

Do not induce vomiting at home. Whether treatment is needed depends on how much was eaten and your dog's size, and your vet may suggest blood tests to check for anemia.

The AKC says mild stomach upset can appear within a few hours, while pale gums, weakness, fast breathing or dark urine usually develop two to five days later. Do not wait for those signs before calling.